Amphiphilic macromolecule and use thereof

ABSTRACT

Amphiphilic macromolecules having repeating structural units: structural units to adjust molecular weight and molecular weight distribution and charging property effects, high stereo-hindrance structural units, and amphiphilic structural units, which are suitable for fields such as oil field well drilling, well cementation, fracturing, oil gathering and transfer, sewage treatment, sludge treatment and papermaking, etc., and can be used as an oil-displacing agent for enhanced oil production, a heavy oil viscosity reducer, a fracturing fluid, a clay stabilizing agent, a sewage treatment agent, a papermaking retention and drainage aid or a reinforcing agent, etc.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a national stage entry of PCT/CN2011/001576 filed Sep. 16, 2011, which claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 201110210319.3, filed on Jul. 26, 2011, said applications are expressly incorporated herein in their entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates to an amphiphilic macromolecule and uses thereof, and this amphiphilic macromolecule is applicable to oilfield drilling, well cementing, fracturing, crude oil gathering and transporting, sewage treating, sludge treating and papermaking, and it can be used as intensified oil producing agent and oil displacing agent, heavy oil viscosity reducer, fracturing fluid, clay stabilizer, sewage treating agent, retention aid and drainage aid and strengthening agent for papermaking.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION

The solution viscosity and viscosity stability of the polymer used for tertiary oil recovery are important indicators to determine its using effect. Reservoir temperature, mineralization degree of formation water and injection water affect the viscosifying capacity of the polymer solution directly. For partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, although it has obvious viscosifying action in fresh water, the hydrodynamic radius of polymer macromolecules decreases with the increase of reservoir temperature, mineralization degree of formation water and injection water, in the meantime, the increase of the adsorption amount of this polymer on the surface of rocks also decreases the valid concentration of the solution, resulting in a decline of the solution viscosity. Amphiphilic macromolecules are an important class of water-soluble polymers; by introducing a small amount of hydrophobic groups on the hydrophilic macromolecular chains, an intramolecular or intermolecular hydrophobic interaction is generated, rendering the macromolecules to form a steric network structure, and thus has a remarkable viscosifying effect. By increasing the hydrophobic group content on the macromolecule chain or increasing the molecular weight, the impacts of high temperature and high salinity can be resisted to some extent; however, it may also result in deterioration of dissolving capacity of the polymer, substantial increase of dissolving time, easy shear degradation of the macromolecular chain and easy adsorption on the rock and other problems. Furthermore, with the increase of formation temperature and water mineralization degree, these problems are particularly serious.

Heavy oil resource has become one of the important natural resources for strategic replacement, but it's difficult to exploit. The main reason is that the heavy oil is high in viscosity, high in gum, asphaltenes contents or wax content, and does not easily flow in formation, wellbore and pipeline. Additionally, because of the great oil-water mobility ratio, it will also cause fast water breakthrough, high water content, and easy formation sand production and other serious problems negatively affecting the oil production.

Nowadays, to keep the viscosifying properties and viscosity stability of the polymer solution, and to improve its ability for heavy oil emulsification, dispersion and viscosity-reduction have great significance on the enhancementof crude oil recovery and the maximizing of tapping of the potential underground residual crude oil.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In the following context of this invention, unless otherwise defined, the same variable group, and molecular and structural formula have the same definitions.

The instant invention relates to an amphiphilic macromolecule. This amphiphilic macromolecule has repeating units as described below: a structural unit A for adjusting molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and charge characteristics, a highly sterically hindered structural unit B and an amphiphilic structural unit C.

In an embodiment, the structural unit A for adjusting molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and charge characteristics comprises (meth)acrylamide monomer unit A₁ and/or (meth)acrylic monomer unit A₂. Preferably, the structural unit A includes (meth)acrylamide monomer unit A₁ and/or (meth)acrylic monomer unit A₂ simultaneously. In the art, the molecular weight of the amphiphilic macromolecule may be selected as needed, preferably, this molecular weight may be selected between 1000000-20000000.

Preferably, the (meth)acrylamide monomer unit A₁ has a structure of formula (1):

In formula (1), R₁ is H or a methyl group; R₂ and R₃ are independently selected from the group consisting of H and a C₁-C₃ alkyl group; R₂ and R₃ are preferably H. Preferably, the (meth)acrylic monomer unit A₂ is (meth)acrylic acid and/or (meth)acrylate. Preferably the (meth)acrylate is sodium methacrylate.

Preferably, based on 100 mol % of the entire amphiphilic macromolecule repeating units, the molar percentage of (meth)acrylamide monomer unit A₁ is 70-99 mol %; preferably 70-90 mol %, more preferably 70-78 mol %.

Preferably, the molar percentage of (meth)acrylic acid monomer unit A₂ in the whole amphiphilic polymer repeat unit is 1-30 mol %; preferably 1-28 mol %, and more preferably 20-28 mol %.

In another embodiment, the structural unit A for the regulation of molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and charge characteristics has a structure of formula (2):

wherein, R₁ is H or a methyl group; R₂ and R₃ are independently selected from the group consisting of H and a C₁-C₃ alkyl group; R₂ and R₃ are preferably H; R₄ is selected from H or a methyl group; Gr is —OH or —O⁻Na⁺; m and n represent the molar percentages of the structural units in the entire amphiphilic macromolecule repeating unit, and m is 70-99 mol %, preferably 70-90 mol %, more preferably 70-78 mol %; n is 1-30 mol %, preferably 1-28 mol %, more preferably 20-28 mol %.

In another embodiment, in formula (2), R₁-R₃ are preferably H, and Gr is preferably —O⁻Na⁺.

In another embodiment, the highly sterically hindered structural unit B contains at least a structure G, wherein the structure G is a cyclic hydrocarbon structure formed on the basis of two adjacent carbon atoms in the main chain, or is selected from a structure of formula (3), and the highly sterically hindered structural unit B optionally contains a structure of formula (4):

In formula (3), R₅ is H or a methyl group; preferably H; R₆ is a radical selected from the group consisting of the structures of formulas (5) and (6).

In formula (5), a is an integer from 1 to 11; preferably 1-7; In formula (4), R₇ is H; R₈ is selected from H, —SO₃H and salts thereof, —(CH₂)₂CH₃Cl, —CH₂N⁺(CH₃)₂(CH₂)_(ξ)CH₃Cl or —CH₂N⁺(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂N⁺(CH₃)₂(CH₂)_(σ)CH₃2Cl⁻; ξ and σ are respectively integers from 1 to 15, preferably 1-11.

Preferably, the highly sterically hindered structural unit B comprises a structure G and a structure of formula (4).

In another embodiment, the cyclic hydrocarbon structure formed on the basis of two adjacent carbon atoms in the main chain is selected from the group consisting of:

Preferably, the molar percentage of structure G of the highly sterically hindered structural unit B in the entire amphiphilic macromolecule repeating units is 0.02-2 mol %; preferably 0.02-1.0 mol %, more preferably 0.1-0.5 mol %.

Preferably, the molar percentage of the structure of formula (4) of the highly sterically hindered structural unit B in the entire amphiphilic macromolecule repeating units is 0.05-5 mol %; preferably 0.1-2.5 mol %, more preferably 0.1-1.5 mol %.

In another embodiment, the highly sterically hindered structural unit B has a structure of formula (7):

In formula (7), the definition on G is as described above, preferably the structure of formula (3),

the definitions on R₇ and R₈ are as described in formula (4); x and y represent the molar percentages of the structure units in the entire amphiphilic macromolecule repeating units, and x is 0.02-2 mol %, preferably 0.02-1.0 mol %, more preferably 0.1-0.5 mol %; y is 0.05-5 mol %, preferably 0.1-2.5 mol %, and more preferably 0.1-1.5 mol %.

In another embodiment, the amphiphilic structural unit C has a structure of formula (8):

In formula (8), R₉ is H or a methyl group; R₁₀ is —N⁺(CH₃)₂(CH₂)_(r)CH₃X⁻, —N⁺((CH₂)_(s)CH₃)₃X⁻ or —N⁺(CH₃)((CH₂)_(t)CH₃)₂X⁻; r is an integer from 3 to 21; s is an integer from 2 to 9; t is an integer from 3 to 15; X⁻ is Cl⁻or Br⁻. Preferably, r is from 3 to 17, s is from 2 to 5, t is from 3 to 11.

Preferably, the molar percentage of amphiphilic structural unit C in the entire amphiphilic macromolecule repeating units is 0.05-10 mol %; preferably 0.1-5.0 mol %, more preferably 0.5-1.5 mol %.

In another embodiment, the amphiphilic macromolecule has a structure of formula (9):

In formula (9), the definitions on R₄, m and n are as described in formula (2); the definitions on R₇, R₈, G, x and y are as described in formula (7); the definitions on R₉, and R₁₀ are as described in formula (8); z represents the molar percentage of this structural unit in the entire amphiphilic macromolecule repeat units, and z is 0.05-10 mol %, preferably 0.1-5.0 mol %, more preferably 0.5-1.5 mol %.

Specifically, this present invention provides a high molecular compound having a structure of formulas (I)-(X):

The molecular weight of the amphiphilic macromolecule described above is between 1000000 and 20000000; preferably between 3000000 and 13000000.

The measurement of the molecular weight M is as follows: The intrinsic viscosity [η] is measured by Ubbelohde viscometer as known in the art, then the obtained intrinsic viscosity [η] value is used in the following equation to obtain the desired molecular weight M: M=802[η]^(1.25)

The amphiphilic macromolecule according to this present invention can be prepared by known methods in the art, for example, by polymerizing the structural unit for adjusting molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and charge characteristics, the highly sterically hindered structural unit and the amphiphilic structural unit in the presence of an initiator. The polymerization process can be any type well known in the art, such as, suspension polymerization, emulsion polymerization, solution polymerization, precipitation polymerization, etc.

A typical preparation method is as follows: the above monomers are each dispersed or dissolved in an aqueous system under stirring, the monomer mixture is polymerized by the aid of an initiator under nitrogen atmosphere to form the amphiphilic macromolecule. The so far existing relevant technologies for preparing an amphiphilic macromolecule can all be used to prepare the amphiphilic macromolecule of this invention.

All the monomers for preparing the amphiphilic macromolecule can be commercially available, or can be prepared on the basis of prior art technology directly, and some monomers' synthesis are described in details in specific examples.

DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

FIG. 1 depicts the relationship of viscosity vs. concentration of the amphiphilic macromolecules obtained from examples 1-5 of the invention in saline having a degree of mineralization of 1×10⁴ mg/L at a temperature of 60° C.

FIG. 2 depicts the relationship of viscosity vs. temperature of the amphiphilic macromolecules obtained from the examples 1-5 of the invention in saline having a degree of mineralization of 1×10⁴ mg/L at the concentration of 1750 mg/L.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is further illustrated below by combining specific examples; however, this invention is not limited to the following examples.

Example 1

This example synthesized the amphiphilic macromolecule of formula (I):

The synthesis of the amphiphilic macromolecule of this example was as follows:

Firstly, water, accounting for ¾ of the total weight of the reaction system, was charged into a reactor, then various monomers, totally accounting for ¼ of the total weight of the reaction system, were charged into the reactor as well, and the molar percentages m, n, x, y, z for each repeating units were 78%, 20%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1.25% in succession. The mixture was stirred until complete dissolution, and a pH adjusting agent was then added in to adjust the reaction solution to have a pH value of about 8, then nitrogen gas was introduced in for 30 minutes to remove oxygen contained therein. An initiator was added into the reactor under the protection of nitrogen gas, and nitrogen gas was further continued for 10 minutes, then the reactor was sealed. The reaction was conducted at a temperature of 18° C.; after 5 hours, the reaction was ended with a complete conversion. After the drying of the obtained product, powdered amphiphilic macromolecule was obtained. The molecular weight of the amphiphilic macromolecule was 970×10⁴.

Example 2

This example synthesized the amphiphilic macromolecule of formula (II):

The synthesis route of the monomer

was as follows:

The synthesis of the amphiphilic macromolecule of this example was as follows:

Firstly, water, accounting for ¾ of the total weight of the reaction system, was charged into a reactor, then various monomers, totally accounting for ¼ of the total weight of the reaction system, were charged into the reactor as well, and the molar percentages m, n, x, y, z for each repeating units were 75%, 23%, 0.25%, 0.25%, 1.5% in succession. The mixture was stirred until complete dissolution, and a pH adjusting agent was then added in to adjust the reaction solution to have a pH value of about 8, then nitrogen gas was introduced in for 40 minutes to remove oxygen contained therein. An initiator was added into the reactor under the protection of nitrogen gas, and nitrogen gas was further continued for 10 minutes, then the reactor was sealed. The reaction was conducted at a temperature of 22° C.; after 5 hours, the reaction was ended with a complete conversion. After the drying of the obtained product, powdered amphiphilic macromolecule was obtained. The molecular weight of the amphiphilic macromolecule was 1030×10⁴.

Example 3

This example synthesized the amphiphilic macromolecule of formula (III):

The synthesis route of the monomer

was as follows:

The synthesis of the amphiphilic macromolecule of this example was as follows:

Firstly, water, accounting for ¾ of the total weight of the reaction system, was charged into a reactor, then various monomers, totally accounting for ¼ of the total weight of the reaction system, were charged into the reactor as well, and the molar percentages m, n, x, y, z for each repeating units were 73%, 26%, 0.1%, 0.1%, 0.8% in succession. The mixture was stirred until complete dissolution, and a pH adjusting agent was then added in to adjust the reaction solution to have a pH value of about 9, then nitrogen gas was introduced in for 30 minutes to remove oxygen contained therein. An initiator was added into the reactor under the protection of nitrogen gas, and nitrogen gas was further continued for 10 minutes, then the reactor was sealed. The reaction was conducted at a temperature of 25° C.; after 6 hours, the reaction was ended with a complete conversion. After the drying of the obtained product, powdered amphiphilic macromolecule was obtained. The molecular weight of the amphiphilic macromolecule was 620×10⁴.

Example 4

This example synthesized the amphiphilic macromolecule of formula (IV):

The synthesis route of the monomer

was as follows:

The synthesis of the amphiphilic macromolecule of this example was as follows:

Firstly, water, accounting for ¾ of the total weight of the reaction system, was charged into a reactor, then various monomers, totally accounting for ¼ of the total weight of the reaction system, were charged into the reactor as well, and the molar percentages m, n, x, y, z for each repeating units were 75%, 23%, 0.1%, 0.4%, 1.5% in succession. The mixture was stirred until complete dissolution, and a pH adjusting agent was then added in to adjust the reaction solution to have a pH value of about 9, then nitrogen gas was introduced in for 30 minutes to remove oxygen contained therein. An initiator was added into the reactor under the protection of nitrogen gas, and nitrogen gas was further continued for 10 minutes, then the reactor was sealed. The reaction was conducted at a temperature of 25° C.; after 6 hours, the reaction was ended with a complete conversion. After the drying of the obtained product, powdered amphiphilic macromolecule was obtained. The molecular weight of the amphiphilic macromolecule was 390×10⁴.

Example 5

This example synthesized the amphiphilic macromolecule of formula (V):

The synthesis route of the monomer

was as follows:

The synthesis of the amphiphilic macromolecule of this example was as follows:

Firstly, water, accounting for ¾ of the total weight of the reaction system, was charged into a reactor, then various monomers, totally accounting for ¼ of the total weight of the reaction system, were charged into the reactor as well, and the molar percentages m, n, x, y, z for each repeating units were 78%, 21%, 0.1%, 0.1%, 0.8% in succession. The mixture was stirred until complete dissolution, and a pH adjusting agent was then added in to adjust the reaction solution to have a pH value of about 8, then nitrogen gas was introduced in for 30 minutes to remove oxygen contained therein. An initiator was added into the reactor under the protection of nitrogen gas, and nitrogen gas was further continued for 10 minutes, then the reactor was sealed. The reaction was conducted at a temperature of 25° C.; after 6 hours, the reaction was ended with a complete conversion. After the drying of the obtained product, powdered amphiphilic macromolecule was obtained. The molecular weight of the amphiphilic macromolecule was 390×10⁴.

Example 6

This example synthesized the amphiphilic macromolecule of formula (VI):

The synthesis of the amphiphilic macromolecule of this example was as follows:

Firstly, water, accounting for ¾ of the total weight of the reaction system, was charged into a reactor, then various monomers, totally accounting for ¼ of the total weight of the reaction system, were charged into the reactor as well, and the molar percentages m, n, x, y, z for each repeating units were 73.5%, 25%, 0.5%, 0.5%, 0.5% in succession. The mixture was stirred until complete dissolution, and a pH adjusting agent was then added in to adjust the reaction solution to have a pH value of about 8, then nitrogen gas was introduced in for 30 minutes to remove oxygen contained therein. An initiator was added into the reactor under the protection of nitrogen gas, and nitrogen gas was further continued for 10 minutes, then the reactor was sealed. The reaction was conducted at a temperature of 45° C.; after 3 hours, the reaction was ended with a complete conversion. After the drying of the obtained product, powdered amphiphilic macromolecule was obtained. The molecular weight of the amphiphilic macromolecule was 680×10⁴.

Example 7

This example synthesized the amphiphilic macromolecule of formula (VII):

The synthesis of the amphiphilic macromolecule of this example was as follows:

Firstly, water, accounting for ¾ of the total weight of the reaction system, was charged into a reactor, then various monomers, totally accounting for ¼ of the total weight of the reaction system, were charged into the reactor as well, and the molar percentages m, n, x, y, z for each repeating units were 75%, 23%, 0.25%, 0.25%, 1.5% in succession. The mixture was stirred until complete dissolution, and a pH adjusting agent was then added in to adjust the reaction solution to have a pH value of about 9, then nitrogen gas was introduced in for 30 minutes to remove oxygen contained therein. An initiator was added into the reactor under the protection of nitrogen gas, and nitrogen gas was further continued for 10 minutes, then the reactor was sealed. The reaction was conducted at a temperature of 55° C.; after 3 hours, the reaction was ended with a complete conversion. After the drying of the obtained product, powdered amphiphilic macromolecule was obtained. The molecular weight of the amphiphilic macromolecule was 690×10⁴.

Example 8

This example synthesized the amphiphilic macromolecule of formula (VIII):

The synthesis of the amphiphilic macromolecule of this example was as follows:

Firstly, water, accounting for ¾ of the total weight of the reaction system, was charged into a reactor, then various monomers, totally accounting for ¼ of the total weight of the reaction system, were charged into the reactor as well, and the molar percentages m, n, x, y, z for each repeating units were 70%, 28%, 0.15%, 0.75%, 1.1% in succession. The mixture was stirred until complete dissolution, and a pH adjusting agent was then added in to adjust the reaction solution to have a pH value of about 8, then nitrogen gas was introduced in for 30 minutes to remove oxygen contained therein. An initiator was added into the reactor under the protection of nitrogen gas, and nitrogen gas was further continued for 10 minutes, then the reactor was sealed. The reaction was conducted at a temperature of 55° C.; after 3 hours, the reaction was ended with a complete conversion. After the drying of the obtained product, powdered amphiphilic macromolecule was obtained. The molecular weight of the amphiphilic macromolecule was 390×10⁴.

Example 9

This example synthesized the amphiphilic macromolecule of formula (IX):

The synthesis of the amphiphilic macromolecule of this example was as follows:

Firstly, water, accounting for ¾ of the total weight of the reaction system, was charged into a reactor, then various monomers, totally accounting for ¼ of the total weight of the reaction system, were charged into the reactor as well, and the molar percentages m, n, x, y, z for each repeating units were 75%, 23.5%, 0.5%, 0.5%, 0.5% in succession. The mixture was stirred until complete dissolution, and a pH adjusting agent was then added in to adjust the reaction solution to have a pH value of about 8, then nitrogen gas was introduced in for 30 minutes to remove oxygen contained therein. An initiator was added into the reactor under the protection of nitrogen gas, and nitrogen gas was further continued for 10 minutes, then the reactor was sealed. The reaction was conducted at a temperature of 50° C.; after 2.5 hours, the reaction was ended with a complete conversion. After the drying of the obtained product, powdered amphiphilic macromolecule was obtained. The molecular weight of the amphiphilic macromolecule was 430×10⁴.

Example 10

This example synthesized the amphiphilic macromolecule of formula (X):

The synthesis of the amphiphilic macromolecule of this example was as follows:

Firstly, water, accounting for ¾ of the total weight of the reaction system, was charged into a reactor, then various monomers, totally accounting for ¼ of the total weight of the reaction system, were charged into the reactor as well, and the molar percentages m, n, x, y, z for each repeating units were 74%, 23%, 0.5%, 1.5%, 1% in succession. The mixture was stirred until complete dissolution, and a pH adjusting agent was then added in to adjust the reaction solution to have a pH value of about 8, then nitrogen gas was introduced in for 30 minutes to remove oxygen contained therein. An initiator was added into the reactor under the protection of nitrogen gas, and nitrogen gas was further continued for 10 minutes, then the reactor was sealed. The reaction was conducted at a temperature of 50° C.; after 2 hours, the reaction was ended with a complete conversion. After the drying of the obtained product, powdered amphiphilic macromolecule was obtained. The molecular weight of the amphiphilic macromolecule was 560×10⁴.

MEASUREMENT EXAMPLES Measurement Example 1

Saline having a mineralization degree of 1×10⁴ mg/L was used to prepare amphiphilic macromolecule solutions with different concentrations, and the relationship between the concentration, temperature and the viscosity of the solution was determined. The results were shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2.

The figures showed that the amphiphilic macromolecule solutions of examples 1-5 still have favorable viscosifying capacity under the condition of high temperature and high degree of mineralization. The highly sterically hindered unit in the amphiphilic macromolecule reduced the rotational degree of freedom in the main chain and increased the rigidity of the macromolecule chain, which made the macromolecule chain difficult to curl and tend to stretch out, thus enlarging the hydrodynamic radius of the macromolecule; in the meantime, the amphiphilic structural unit associated each other to form the microdomain by intramolecular- or intermolecular-interaction, thus enhancing the viscosifying capacity of the solution remarkably under the conditions of high temperature and high salinity.

Measurement Example 2

Testing method: Under a testing temperature of 25° C., 25 ml electric dehydration crude oil samples from three types of oilfields were added in a 50 ml test tube with a plug, then 25 ml aqueous solutions of amphiphilic macromolecule with different concentrations formulated with distilled water were added in. The plug of the test tube was tightened, then the test tube was shaken manually or by using an oscillating box for 80-100 times in horizontal direction, and the shaking amplitude should be greater than 20 cm. After sufficient mixing, the plug of the test tube was loosed. Viscosity reduction rate for crude oil was calculated according to the following equation:

${{Viscosity}\mspace{14mu}{reduction}\mspace{14mu}{{rate}(\%)}} = {\frac{\begin{matrix} {{{viscosity}\mspace{14mu}{of}\mspace{14mu}{crude}\mspace{14mu}{oil}\mspace{14mu}{sample}} -} \\ {{viscosity}\mspace{14mu}{after}\mspace{14mu}{mixing}} \end{matrix}}{{viscosity}\mspace{14mu}{of}\mspace{14mu}{crude}\mspace{14mu}{oil}\mspace{14mu}{sample}} \times 100}$

Table 1 Experimental results of the heavy oil viscosity reduction of the amphiphilic macromolecule obtained from the example 6-example 10. (oil-water ratio 1:1, 25° C.)

oil-water volume ratio (1:1) oil viscosity oil viscosity oil viscosity test temperature sample reduction sample reduction sample reduction (25° C.) 1 rate (%) 2 rate (%) 3 rate (%) initial viscosity (mPa · s) 1800 — 6700 — 18000 — Example 6 400 mg/L 850 52.78 2300 65.67 4700 73.89 600 mg/L 550 69.44 1475 77.99 2350 86.94 800 mg/L 340 81.11 975 85.45 1250 93.06 1000 mg/L  280 84.44 750 88.81 950 94.72 1200 mg/L  220 87.78 650 90.30 825 95.42 Example 7 400 mg/L 910 49.44 2400 64.18 4450 75.28 600 mg/L 590 67.22 1600 76.12 2100 88.33 800 mg/L 450 75.00 1175 82.46 1050 94.17 1000 mg/L  340 81.11 830 87.61 890 95.06 1200 mg/L  260 85.56 680 89.85 780 95.67 Example 8 400 mg/L 820 54.44 2050 69.40 4250 76.39 600 mg/L 470 73.89 1370 79.55 1975 89.03 800 mg/L 315 82.50 850 87.31 1325 92.64 1000 mg/L  230 87.22 675 89.93 930 94.83 1200 mg/L  200 88.89 590 91.19 850 95.28 Example 9 400 mg/L 925 48.61 2270 66.12 4700 73.89 600 mg/L 630 65.00 1420 78.81 2550 85.83 800 mg/L 450 75.00 940 85.97 1480 91.78 1000 mg/L  380 78.89 680 89.85 1050 94.17 1200 mg/L  340 81.11 530 92.09 880 95.11 Example 10 400 mg/L 820 54.44 1900 71.64 5100 71.67 600 mg/L 530 70.56 1250 81.34 2900 83.89 800 mg/L 390 78.33 825 87.69 1890 89.50 1000 mg/L  305 83.06 650 90.30 1400 92.22 1200 mg/L  260 85.56 575 91.42 1175 93.47

Table 1 showed that the amphiphilic macromolecules of examples 6-10 had good effects for viscosity reduction as to all three oil samples. With the increase of the concentration of the amphiphilic macromolecule solution, the viscosity reduction rate increased. And, when the concentration of the amphiphilic macromolecule solution was the same, the viscosity reduction rate increased with the enhancing of the viscosity of the oil sample. It was believed that the amphiphilic macromolecule could reduce the viscosity of the crude oil remarkably via a synergetic effect between the highly sterically hindered structural unit and the amphiphilic structural unit, which could emulsify and disperse the crude oil effectively.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION

The amphiphilic macromolecule of this invention can be used in oilfield drilling, well cementing, fracturing, crude oil gathering and transporting, sewage treating, sludge treating and papermaking, and it can be used as intensified oil producing agent and oil displacing agent, heavy oil viscosity reducer, fracturing fluid, clay stabilizer, sewage treating agent, retention aid and drainage aid and strengthening agent for papermaking.

The amphiphilic macromolecule of this invention is especially suitable for crude oil exploitation, for instance, it can be used as an intensified oil displacement polymer and a viscosity reducer for heavy oil. When it is used as an oil displacement agent, it has remarkable viscosifying effect even under the condition of high temperature and high salinity, and can thus enhance the crude oil recovery. When it is used as a viscosity reducer for heavy oil, it can remarkably reduce the viscosity of the heavy oil and decrease the flow resistance thereof in the formation and wellbore by emulsifying and dispersing the heavy oil effectively. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An amphiphilic macromolecule comprising: as repeating units, a structural unit A for adjusting molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and charge characteristics, a highly sterically hindered structural unit B and an amphiphilic structural unit C, the highly sterically hindered structural unit B comprises a structure G and a structure of formula (4), wherein the structure G is a cyclic hydrocarbon structure formed on the basis of two adjacent carbon atoms in the main chain, or is selected from a structure of formula (3):

wherein in formula (3), R₅ is H or a methyl group; R₆ is a radical selected from the group consisting of the structures of formula (5) and formula (6):

in formula (5), a is an integer from 1 to 11; in formula (4), R₇ is H; R₈ is selected from the group consisting of H, —SO₃H and salts thereof, —(CH₂)₂CH₃Cl, —CH₂N⁺(CH₃)₂(CH₂)_(ξ)CH₃Cl⁻, and —CH₂N⁺(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂ N⁺(CH₃)₂(CH₂)_(σ)CH₃2Cl⁻; ξ and σ are respectively integers from 1 to 15; and the amphiphilic structural unit C has a structure of formula (8):

in formula (8), R₉ is H or a methyl group; R₁₀ is —N⁺(CH₃)₂(CH₂)_(r)CH₃X⁻, —N⁺((CH₂)sCH₃)₃X⁻ or —N⁺(CH₃)((CH₂)_(t)CH₃)₂X⁻; r is an integer from 3 to 21; s is an integer from 2 to 9; t is an integer from 3 to 15; and X⁻ is Cl⁻ or Br⁻.
 2. The amphiphilic macromolecule as claimed in claim 1, wherein the structural unit A for adjusting the molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and charge characteristics comprises a (meth)acrylamide monomer unit A₁ and/or a (meth)acrylic monomer unit A₂.
 3. The amphiphilic macromolecule as claimed in claim 2, wherein based on 100 mol % of the entire amphiphilic macromolecule repeating units, the molar percentage of the (meth)acrylamide monomer unit A₁ is 70-99 mol %; and the molar percentage of the (meth)acrylic monomer unit A₂ is 1-30 mol %.
 4. The amphiphilic macromolecule as claimed in claim 1, wherein based on 100 mol % of the entire amphiphilic macromolecule repeating units, the molar percentage of the structure G is 0.02-2 mol %; and the molar percentage of the structure of formula (4) is 0.05-5 mol %.
 5. The amphiphilic macromolecule as claimed in claim 1, wherein based on 100 mol % of the entire amphiphilic macromolecule repeating units, the molar percentage of the structure of formula (8) is 0.05-10 mol %.
 6. The amphiphilic macromolecule as claimed in claim 1, wherein the structural unit A for adjusting molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and charge characteristics has a structure of formula (2):

wherein in formula (2), R₁ is H or a methyl group; R₂ and R₃ are independently selected from the group consisting of H and a C₁-C₃ alkyl group; R₄ is selected from the group consisting of H and a methyl group; Gr is —OH or —O⁻Na⁺; m and n represent the molar percentages of the structural units in the entire amphiphilic macromolecule, and m is from 70 to 99 mol %; n is from 1 to 30 mol %.
 7. The amphiphilic macromolecule as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cyclic hydrocarbon structure formed on the basis of the two adjacent carbon atoms in the main chain is selected from the group consisting of:


8. The amphiphilic macromolecule as claimed in claim 1, wherein the highly sterically hindered structural unit B has a structure of formula (7):

wherein in formula (7), the definition on G is as described in claim 1; the definitions of R₇ and R₈ are as described in formula (4); x and y respectively represent the molar percentages of the structural units in the entire amphiphilic macromolecule, and x is from 0.02 to 2 mol %, y is from 0.05 to 5 mol %.
 9. The amphiphilic macromolecule as claimed in claim 8, wherein the amphiphilic macromolecule has a structure of formula (9):

wherein in formula (9), R₄ is selected from the group consisting of H and a methyl group; m and n represent the molar percentages of the structural units in the entire amphiphilic macromolecule, and m is from 70 to 99 mol %; n is from 1 to 30 mol %; the definitions of G, R₇, R₈, x and y are as described in formula (7); the definitions of R₉ and R₁₀ are as described in formula (8); z represents the molar percentage of this structural unit in the entire amphiphilic macromolecule, and z is from 0.05 to 10 mol %.
 10. The amphiphilic macromolecule as claimed in claim 1, which is a compound of formulas (I)-(X):


11. The amphiphilic macromolecule as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amphiphilic macromolecule has a viscosity average molecular weight of between 1000000-20000000.
 12. The amphiphilic macromolecule as claimed in claim 1 for use in at least one of oilfield drilling, well cementing, fracturing, crude oil gathering and transporting, sewage treating, sludge treating and papermaking as an intensified oil producing agent, oil displacing agent, heavy oil viscosity reducer, fracturing fluid, clay stabilizer, sewage treating agent, retention aid and drainage aid and strengthening agent for papermaking.
 13. The amphiphilic macromolecule as claimed in claim 1, wherein R₅ is H. 